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Bioremediation for Sustainable Environmental Cleanup

Along with sol-gel, spray drying and other advanced techniques like 3D bioprinting and

microfluidics could be applied for developing efficient biohybrids. Using these techniques,

biohybrids in various morphologies such as microparticles, sheet, fibre and scaffold could be

understood. Depending on their morphology, biohybrids could be used for various applications like

drug/gene delivery, biosensing, biomedical and environmental remediation.

Though a lot of advances have been made in the field of synthesis and application of biohybrids,

there are yet some challenges involved in synthesizing biohybrids in large quantities with accurate

precision and design, and understanding applications of biohybrids for constant monitoring and

applying them for continuous reactors. For this purpose, there is need to work in an interdisciplinary

way, where scientists from different areas like material science, biological sciences, chemical

sciences could come together. Regarding biocomponents, there is need for developing engineered

biomolecules with high biological activity, which could be associated with suitable supports. Till

today, as support organic and nanoparticle materials have been used , now there is need to develop

biogenic supports with extraordinary characteristics like intricate design of the surface structure and

chemical moieties. There is also a need to develop suitable fabricating process/techniques which

have precise control over operational parameters and in which the potential of both components

could be fully utilized.

In summary, the combination of biomolecules with supports enables biohybrid materials to act

as biomimetic material which results in a dynamic smart material. One can clearly see that advanced

characteristics (biocompatibility, flexibility, sensitivity towards analytes) associated with biohybrid

materials will enable them to achieve the desired results not only in biosensing and remediation but

also in several research areas.

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